Calculations of the temperature dependence of the NO2 photodissociation coefficient in the atmosphere     

S. Madronich  D. R. Hastie  B. A. Ridley  H. I. Schiff 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1984,1(2):151-157

The photodissociation coefficient, J _NO2 of NO₂ in the atmosphere was calculated at 235 and 298 K using the measured temperature dependences of the absorption cross-sections and quantum yields. These calculations gave a ratio J _NO2(298 K)/J _NO2(235 K)=1.155±0.010 which is only weakly dependent on altitude, surface albedo and solar zenith angle.  相似文献   

A world model of soil carbon dioxide     

George A. Brook  Michael E. Folkoff  Elgene O. Box 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(1):79-88

Mean growing season soil PCO₂ data were obtained for 19 regions of the world in nine countries. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis with soil log(PCO₂) as the dependent variable and TEMP, PRECIP, log(AET), and log(PET) as the four climatic independent variables demonstrated that AET was the best independent predictor of soil PCO₂. An improved soil PCO₂-AET model was developed by assuming (1) that as AET approaches zero, soil PCO₂ approaches the atmospheric value and (2) that there is an upper limit to soil PCO₂ at very high AET. This model has the form log(PCO₂) = ?3·47 + 2·09 (1 ?e^{?0·0172 AET}) where AET is in mm. It explains 67 per cent of the initial variation in the soil PCO₂ data, predicts a soil log(PCO₂) of ? 3·47 at AET = 0, and an upper limit of 3·5 per cent (log(PCO₂) = ? 1·45) for mean growing season soil PCO₂ at AET values of 2000 mm and above. The results of this study suggest that soil PCO₂ levels in tropical areas are, on average, higher than those in temperate, alpine, and arctic regions.  相似文献   

富含二氧化碳气体的地热水开发利用研究     

邓晓颖 《地下水》2007,29(4):51-52,88

在分析富含二氧化碳气体的地热流体化学特征基础上,进行了地热水质量评价.针对地热流体产量和质量特征,做出了综合开发利用方案,对其开发效益进行了初步评估,并提出开发利用关键及保护措施.  相似文献   

全球变化中的北极碳汇：现状与未来     

高众勇  陈立奇  CAI Wei-jun  WANG Yong-chen 《地球科学进展》2007,22(8):857-865

由于海冰覆盖，北极碳汇（Arctic Carbon Sink）在全球碳通量预算中经常被忽略或简单处理。但随着全球变化加剧，北极发生快速变化，北极碳循环及其对全球变化的响应与反馈日趋重要。综合对北极碳汇的研究结果，分析了北极碳汇的来源、变化以及主要调控因子，评估了北极碳汇现状。探讨了在全球变化中，影响北极碳汇变化的因素及其对未来北极碳汇变化趋势的影响。   相似文献   

Cleaning Using CO2‐Based Solvents     

Xiaogang Zhang  Buxing Han 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(3):223-229

Cleaning with hierarchy of CO₂‐based solvents is advantageous from an environmental point of view because CO₂ is non‐flammable, virtually inert, and abundant. After cleaning, the only waste stuffs generated are the contaminants that are removed from the cleaned parts. The technology is especially well suited for precision cleaning applications in which parts have intricate geometries or for applications in which parts are sensitive to water or high temperature. This review will first introduce aqueous cleaning concepts and mechanism, which is helpful to understand how to design cleaning systems using high pressure CO₂. Recent microelectronic processes for cleaning and rising of circuit wafers using CO₂‐based solvents are the main focus of the review. Additional cleaning topics include dry cleaning, separation of dyestuffs, and extraction of contaminations from soils and regeneration of catalysts.  相似文献   

Capillary pressure for the sand–CO₂–water system under various pressure conditions. Application to CO₂ sequestration     

W.-J. Plug  J. Bruining 《Advances in water resources》2007

Accurate modeling of storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in heterogeneous aquifers requires experiments of the capillary pressure as function of temperature and pressure. We present a method with which static drainage and imbibition capillary pressures can be measured continuously as a function of saturation at various temperature (T) and pressure (P) conditions. The measurements are carried out at (T, P) conditions of practical interest. Static conditions can be assumed as small injection rates are applied. The capillary pressure curves are obtained for the unconsolidated sand–distilled water–CO₂ system. The experimental results show a decrease of drainage and imbibition capillary pressure for increasing CO₂ pressures and pronounced dissolution rate effects for gaseous CO₂. Significant capillary pressure fluctuations and negative values during imbibition are observed at near critical conditions. The measurement procedure is validated by a numerical model that simulates the experiments.  相似文献   

燃煤烟气中SO2治理方法综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

余江  陈攀江  龙炳清  宋薇薇  赵仕林 《地质灾害与环境保护》2001,12(2):45-48

对燃煤烟气中SO2的脱除方法进行综述和分析。  相似文献   

Surface NO and NO2 mixing ratios measured between 30° N and 30° S in the Atlantic region     

F. Rohrer  D. Brüning 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,15(3-4):253-267

Surface NO and NO₂ mixing ratios were measured aboard the research vessel Polarstern during the mission ANT VII/1 from 24 September to 5 October 1988. The measurements were taken along the meridian at 30° W in the Atlantic region covering latitudes between 30° N and 30° S. The average mixing ratios were about 12 pptv NO/30 pptv NO₂ in the Northern Hemisphere and about 7 pptv NO/22 pptv NO₂ in the Southern. Elevated mixing ratios of 20 pptv NO/70 pptv NO₂ were found at 12° N (probably due to air masses originating from the surface of West Africa) and in the region of the ITCZ between 8° N and 5° N. Because of probable contamination by the ship, the measured mixing ratios mostly represent upper limits.  相似文献   

Covariations in oceanic dimethyl sulfide,its oxidation products and rain acidity at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

B. C. Nguyen  N. Mihalopoulos  J. P. Putaud  A. Gaudry  L. Gallet  W. C. Keene  J. N. Galloway 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,15(1):39-53

Simultaneous measurements of rain acidity and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at the ocean surface and in the atmosphere were performed at Amsterdam Island over a 4 year period. During the last 2 years, measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in the atmosphere and of methane sulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt-sulfate (nss-SO₄ ^2-) in rainwater were also performed. Covariations are observed between the oceanic and atmospheric DMS concentrations, atmospheric SO₂ concentrations, wet deposition of MSA, nss-SO₄ ^2-, and rain acidity. A comparable summer to winter ratio of DMS and SO₂ in the atmosphere and MSA in precipitation were also observed. From the chemical composition of precipitation we estimate that DMS oxidation products contribute approximately 40% of the rain acidity. If we consider the acidity in excess, then DMS oxidation products contribute about 55%.  相似文献   

碳糊电极循环伏安法测定γ－和β－二氧化锰物相     

郑冠群  许国镇  杨华铨 《岩矿测试》1995,(1)

利用碳糊电极循环伏安法对γ－ＭｎＯ＿２和β－ＭｎＯ＿２进行了定量分析，相对于２００．０ｍｇ碳粉的线性范围分别为γ－ＭｎＯ＿２９．１３～４５，６ｍｇ；β－ＭｎＯ＿２４．５６～３６．５ｍｇ，在线性范围内测量７次，其ＲＳＤ分别为０．５９％～５．２８％和Ｏ％～５．７２％。同时对γ－ＭｎＯ＿２和β－ＭｎＯ＿２的混合试样及湘潭电解二氧化锰也进行了定量测定，其平均相对误差分别为２．０１％～１２．４％和１．９６％～７．５２％。该方法进行物相分析，具有简便、快速、灵敏、经济和不经化学分离等特点。  相似文献